Plant Biochemistry


Contents
Chapter 1  Fermentation Technology
Chapter  2  Molecular Analysis and Amplification Techniques
Chapter 3  Recombinant DNA Technology
Chapter 4  The Expression of Foreign DNA in Bacteria
Chapter 5  Yeast Cloning and Biotechnology
Chapter 6  Cloning Genes  in Mammalian Cell-lines
Chapter 7  Plant Biotechnology
Chapter 8  Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology in Pharmaceutical Research
Chapter 9  Genetically Modified Foods
Chapter 10 Molecular Diagnosis  of Inherited Disease
Chapter 11  DNA in Forensic Science
Chapter 12 Vaccination and Gene Manipulation
Chapter 13 Transgenesis
Chapter 14 Protein Engineering
Chapter 15  Bioinformatics
Chapter 16  Immobilization of Biocatalysts
Chapter 17  Downstream Processing: Protein Extraction and Purification
Chapter 18 Monoclonal Antibodies
Chapter 19  Biosensors


Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Guide on the Web

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Plasmids and Their Usefulness in Molecular Cloning
Chapter 2: Bacteriophage   and Its Vectors
Chapter 3: Working with Bacteriophage M13 Vectors
Chapter 4: Working with High-Capacity Vectors
Chapter 5: Gel Electrophoresis of DNA and Pulsed-Field Agarose
Chapter 6: Preparation and Analysis of Eukaryotic Genomic DNA
Chapter 7: Extraction, Purification, and Analysis of mRNA from Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 8: In Vitro Amplification of DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chapter 9: Preparation of Radiolabeled DNA and RNA Probes
Chapter 10: Working with Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes
Chapter 11: Preparation of cDNA Libraries and Gene Identification
Chapter 12: DNA Sequencing
Chapter 13: Mutagenesis
Chapter 14: Screening Expression Libraries
Chapter 15: Expression of Cloned Genes in Escherichia coli
Chapter 16: Introducing Cloned Genes into Cultured Mammalian Cells
Chapter 17: Analysis of Gene Expression in Cultured Mammalian Cells
Chapter 18: Protein Interaction Technologies

Molecular Biology of Cell

  • Part I. Introduction to the Cell
    • Chapter 1. The Evolution of the Cell
      • Introduction
      • From Molecules to the First Cell
      • From Procaryotes to Eucaryotes
      • From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms
      • References
    • Chapter 2. Small Molecules, Energy, and Biosynthesis
      • Introduction
      • The Chemical Components of a Cell
      • Biological Order and Energy
      • Food and the Derivation of Cellular Energy
      • Biosynthesis and the Creation of Order
      • The Coordination of Catabolism and Biosynthesis
      • References
    • Chapter 3. Macromolecules: Structure, Shape, and Information
      • Introduction
      • Molecular Recognition Processes
      • Nucleic Acids
      • Protein Structure
      • Proteins as Catalysts
      • References
    • Chapter 4. How Cells Are Studied
      • Introduction
      • Looking at the Structure of Cells in the Microscope
      • Isolating Cells and Growing Them in Culture
      • Fractionation of Cells and Analysis of Their Molecules
      • Tracing and Assaying Molecules Inside Cells
      • References
  • Part II. Molecular Genetics
    • Chapter 5. Protein Function
      • Introduction
      • Making Machines Out of Proteins
      • The Birth, Assembly, and Death of Proteins
      • References
    • Chapter 6. Basic Genetic Mechanisms
      • Introduction
      • RNA and Protein Synthesis
      • DNA Repair
      • DNA Replication
      • Genetic Recombination
      • Viruses, Plasmids, and Transposable Genetic Elements
      • References
    • Chapter 7. Recombinant DNA Technology
      • Introduction
      • The Fragmentation, Separation, and Sequencing of DNA Molecules
      • Nucleic Acid Hybridization
      • DNA Cloning
      • DNA Engineering
      • References
    • Chapter 8. The Cell Nucleus
      • Introduction
      • Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging
      • The Global Structure of Chromosomes
      • Chromosome Replication
      • RNA Synthesis and RNA Processing
      • The Organization and Evolution of the Nuclear Genome
      • References
    • Chapter 9. Control of Gene Expression
      • Introduction
      • An Overview of Gene Control
      • DNA-binding Motifs in Gene Regulatory Proteins
      • How Genetic Switches Work
      • Chromatin Structure and the Control of Gene Expression
      • The Molecular Genetic Mechanisms That Create Specialized Cell Types
      • Posttranscriptional Controls
      • References
  • Part III. Internal Organization of the Cell
    • Chapter 10. Membrane Structure
      • Introduction
      • The Lipid Bilayer
      • Membrane Proteins
      • References
    • Chapter 11. Membrane Transport of Small Molecules and the Ionic Basis of Membrane Excitability
      • Introduction
      • Principles of Membrane Transport
      • Carrier Proteins and Active Membrane Transport ,
      • Ion Channels and Electrical Properties of Membranes
      • References
    • Chapter 12. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting
      • Introduction
      • The Compartmentalization of Higher Cells
      • The Transport of Molecules into and out of the Nucleus
      • The Transport of Proteins into Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
      • Peroxisomes
      • The Endoplasmic Reticulum
      • References
    • Chapter 13. Vesicular Traffic in the Secretory and Endocytic Pathways
      • Introduction
      • Transport from the ER Through the Golgi Apparatus
      • Transport from the Trans Golgi Network to Lysosomes
      • Transport from the Plasma Membrane via Endosomes: Endocytosis
      • Transport from the Trans Golgi Network to the Cell Surface: Exocytosis
      • The Molecular Mechanisms of Vesicular Transport and the Maintenance of Compartmental Diversity
      • References
    • Chapter 14. Energy Conversion: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
      • Introduction
      • The Mitochondrion
      • The Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase
      • Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis
      • The Evolution of Electron-Transport Chains
      • The Genomes of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
      • References
    • Chapter 15. Cell Signaling
      • Introduction
      • General Principles of Cell Signaling
      • Signaling via G-Protein-linked Cell-Surface Receptors
      • Signaling via Enzyme-linked Cell-Surface Receptors
      • Target-Cell Adaptation
      • The Logic of Intracellular Signaling: Lessons from Computer-based "Neural Networks"
      • References
    • Chapter 16. The Cytoskeleton
      • Introduction
      • The Nature of the Cytoskeleton
      • Intermediate Filaments
      • Microtubules
      • Cilia and Centrioles
      • Actin Filaments
      • Actin-binding Proteins
      • Muscle
      • References
    • Chapter 17. The Cell-Division Cycle
      • Introduction
      • The General Strategy of the Cell Cycle
      • The Early Embryonic Cell Cycle and the Role of MPF
      • Yeasts and the Molecular Genetics of Cell-Cycle Control
      • Cell-Division Controls in Multicellular Animals
      • References
    • Chapter 18. The Mechanics of Cell Division
      • Introduction
      • An Overview of M Phase
      • Mitosis
      • Cytokinesis
      • References
  • Part IV. Cells in Their Social Context
    • Chapter 19. Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix
      • Introduction
      • Cell Junctions
      • Cell-Cell Adhesion
      • The Extracellular Matrix of Animals
      • Extracellular Matrix Receptors on Animal Cells: The Integrins
      • The Plant Cell Wall
      • References
    • Chapter 20. Germ Cells and Fertilization
      • Introduction
      • The Benefits of Sex
      • Meiosis
      • Eggs
      • Sperm
      • Fertilization
      • References
    • Chapter 21. Cellular Mechanisms of Development
      • Introduction
      • Morphogenetic Movements and the Shaping of the Body Plan
      • Cell Diversification in the Early Animal Embryo ,
      • Cell Memory, Cell Determination, and the Concept of Positional Values
      • The Nematode Worm: Developmental Control Genes and the Rules of Cell Behavior
      • Drosophila and the Molecular Genetics of Pattern Formation. I. Genesis of the Body Plan
      • Drosophila and the Molecular Genetics of Pattern Formation. II. Homeotic Selector Genes and the Patterning of Body Parts ,
      • Plant Development
      • Neural Development
      • References
    • Chapter 22. Differentiated Cells and the Maintenance of Tissues
      • Introduction
      • Maintenance of the Differentiated State
      • Tissues with Permanent Cells
      • Renewal by Simple Duplication
      • Renewal by Stem Cells: Epidermis ,
      • Renewal by Pluripotent Stem Cells: Blood Cell Formation ,
      • Genesis, Modulation, and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle
      • Fibroblasts and Their Transformations: The Connective-Tissue Cell Family
      • Appendix
      • References
    • Chapter 23. The Immune System
      • Introduction
      • The Cellular Basis of Immunity
      • The Functional Properties of Antibodies
      • The Fine Structure of Antibodies
      • The Generation of Antibody Diversity
      • T Cell Receptors and Subclasses
      • MHC Molecules and Antigen Presentation to T Cells
      • Cytotoxic T Cells
      • Helper T Cells and T Cell Activation
      • Selection of the T Cell Repertoire
      • References
    • Chapter 24. Cancer
      • Introduction
      • Cancer as a Microevolutionary Process
      • The Molecular Genetics of Cancer 


Agricultural Biotechnology:

The 1990–2000 decade has seen extraordinary advances in all areas of biotechnology, and international agriculture has benefited from this new and exciting ‘promethean’ science. This term conveys the ‘daringly original and creative’ science that is necessary to deal with the problems of poverty, hunger and environmental degradation facing much of the world today.
A 1990 CAB  International publication (Beyond Mendel’s Garden: Biotechnology in the Service of World Agriculture) and a 2000 publication on Promethean Science: Agricultural Biotechnology, the Environment and the Poor summarize the scientific and policy developments in agricultural biotechnology over the past decade. These and other publications by CAB International and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research looked at the future role of biotechnology in agriculture. They helped set the agenda for a decade of exciting research, particularly in developing countries and by the international agricultural research centres. They also foreshadowed the biotechnology debate that continues today on biosafety issues, effects on biodiversity and the environment and intellectual property rights. Despite the ongoing controversies about genetically improved foods, we can look back on the 1990s as a decade of great scientific achievements and practical applications of science.
This publication, through its overview chapter and selected country studies, contains useful information on the evolving biotechnological research in the main geographical regions. The emphasis is on the potential these new technologies hold for agriculture in developing countries. The reports vary in the depth of coverage, but all combine to show the urgent need that exists for public and private sector investment to ensure that all countries share in the benefits of modern biotechnologies, while minimizing any unintended effects.